ABSTRACT
Sennoside A (SA) is a bioactive component of Chinese herbal medicines with an activity of irritant laxative, which is often used in the treatment of constipation and obesity. However, its activity remains unknown in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. In this study, the impact of SA on insulin sensitivity was tested in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice through dietary supplementation. At a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day, SA improved insulin sensitivity in the mice after 8-week treatment as indicated by HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). SA restored plasma level of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) by 90% and mRNA expression of by 80% in the large intestine of HFD mice. In the mechanism, SA restored the gut microbiota profile, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and mucosal structure in the colon. A mitochondrial stress was observed in the enterocytes of HFD mice with ATP elevation, structural damage, and complex dysfunction. The mitochondrial response was induced in enterocytes by the dietary fat as the same responses were induced by palmitic acid in the cell culture. The mitochondrial response was inhibited in HFD mice by SA treatment. These data suggest that SA may restore the function of microbiota-GLP1 axis to improve glucose metabolism in the obese mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the drug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa changes in the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo, Zhejiang province, in order to provide a basis for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs. Methods The clinical distribution and drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in 1970 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo in 2014 －2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were statistically analyzed using WHONET 5. 6 software, excel software, SPSS17. 0 software. Results Clinical specimens isolated 15 963 strains of pathogenic bacteria,including 1 970 strains pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounted for 12. 34% . The detection rate of multi－drug resistance pseudomonas aeruginosa( MDRPA) reduced year by year, the detection rate in 2014 was 60. 95% ,which in 2015 was 58. 00% ,which in 2016 was 45. 58% . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mainly isolated from sputum(67. 16% ),followed by wound secretion(23. 05% ). The detection rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU and geriatric department was higher,accounted for 20. 25% and 25. 28% respectively. The resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to many kinds of antimicrobial agents was increased from 2014 to 2016,the resistance rates to cefoperazone/ sulbactam were＞30% in 3 years,the resistance rate to imipenem was higher than meropenem. The drug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from sputum in ICU was higher than that in geriatric department(all P＜0. 05). Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial infection in the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo is severe,the infection rate and drug resistance monitoring should be strengthened,in order to reduce the infection rate and drug resistance.
ABSTRACT
PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and ISI web were searched without any limitations with regard to publication date or language,as well as the references of qualifying articles.All kinds of cohort studies comprising the risk of gastric cancer between diabetic patients and control subjects were included.We excluded studies that investigated only mortality but not incidence.25 studies met our criteria,and the qualities of these studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.Statistical analyses were carried out with STATA software version 12.0.A random-effects model meta-analysis showed an increased risk of gastric cancer in diabetic patients (RR =1.20,95 ％ CI 1.12-1.28).Subgroup analyses indicated that this result persisted in studies of both male(RR =1.15,95％ CI 1.02-1.29) and female (RR =1.29,95％ CI 1.09-1.53) subjects,in studies of European countries(RR =1.25,95％ CI 1.07-1.46) and Asia countries (RR =1.18,95％ CI 1.09-1.28).Compared with nondiabetics,the incidence of gastric cancer may be increased by approximately 20％ in diabetics.Thus diabetes may be an independent risk factor for gastric cancer.This effect tends to be more significant in type 1 and female patients.